Theme: Holistic Cardiology: Innovations, Intersections, and Inclusivity
Sub-themes:
• The Next Wave of Innovations--Latest breakthroughs in cardiac therapies, technologies, research and signalling
• Digital Transformation in Cardiology
• Precision Medicine in Cardiology: A Tailored Approach
• The Heart-Mind Connection: Cardiology and Mental Health
• Vascular Innovations: Beyond the Heart
• Prevention Over Prescription: Lifestyle, Nutrition, and Cardiac Health"
• Interventional Advances: Catheters, Stents, and Beyond
• Cardio-Oncology: Navigating the Intersection
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Advanced Cardiology Proceedings
Dear Colleagues and Friends,
We are pleased to extend a warm welcome to all professionals and academics from all over the world to Amsterdam, Netherlands for the 3rd Global Conclave on Advanced Cardiology and Cardiovascular Innovations, which will be held from June 27-28, 2024.
The cardiology conference brings together experts in the field to give you the best education possible. The scientific program has been created to offer a summary of the most recent advancements in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular (CV) disease, with a focus on arrhythmias, structural heart disease, coronary artery disease, heart failure, valvular heart disease, preventative cardiology, and innovations in cardiology. This conference represents a steadfast investment in education as well as a solid portfolio of translational and clinical research.
Many distinguished cardiologists and scientists will participate in this congress. Papers will be presented in plenary sessions, distinguished speaker sessions, workshops, symposia, and posters includes excellent scientific material. These studies, which come from laboratories in 50+ countries, to ensure that the meeting will be a major scientific event. The scientific program will also feature a number of case studies with faculty members that will highlight both common and complicated coronary, peripheral, and structural problems.
Adv.Cardiology 2024 will also let industries to demonstrate their latest products, devices, and medical instruments to cardiologists. I invite you all to attend and make this meeting a grand success.
Sincerely yours,
Adv. Cardiology 2024
Organizing Committee
Peers Alley Media, 1126 59 Ave East, V5X 1Y9, Vancouver BC, Canada
NYU Grossman Long Island School of Medicine, USA
Massachusetts General Hospital, USA
University of Tennessee, USA
Saint Louis University, USA
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The field of cardiology is one that is undergoing tremendous change at the moment. People living in this era, regardless of age, are at risk for developing cardiovascular diseases, the primary causes of which are the lifestyles they lead and the lack of proper hygiene they practise. Cardiology has become more important over time as a way to fight these diseases and the things that cause them. Interventional cardiology is a subspecialty of cardiology that treats disorders through the use of catheter-based minimally invasive treatments. This enables both patients and their treating physicians to complete the surgery with less blood loss and minor complications.
Some scientific advances in the fields of sciences, interventional cardiology, and cryopreservation are also predicted to drive the cardiac surgery devices market. The use of expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene for cardiovascular patches, the introduction of transcatheter heart valves, and thus the process of minimally invasive technologies, such as transcatheter semi-lunar valve implantation or transcatheter aortic valve replacement, are just a few of the factors that are expected to drive growth over the forecast period. Furthermore, changes in cryopreservation technologies by key players like CryoLife are among major technological breakthroughs in cardiac surgery therapies that are expected to positively influence the market.
The presence of technologically advanced cardiology and cardiovascular valves, grafts, and patches, as well as an increase in the generality of congenital heart defects, are among the basic variables projected to drive development over the forecast period. During the projection period of 2017-2023, the global market for heart transplants is expected to develop at a CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rate) of 11.2 percent. The global Interventional Cardiology market is expected to develop slowly at a CAGR of almost 7% during the forecast period. The increased need for minimally invasive (MI) procedures will boost the global interventional cardiology market's growth prospects in the future years.The global interventional cardiology devices market is expected to be worth USD 21.2 billion by 2025, up from USD 13.8 billion in 2020, at an 8.9 percent CAGR during the forecast period. The significant rise in the geriatric population, prevalence of coronary artery diseases, the approval of new and sophisticated products, and thus the rising incidence of diabetes, are all driving growth in this industry.
Cardiology Market in Asia-Pacific:
It is anticipated that the Asia Pacific Interventional Cardiology Market will reach USD 41,00.3 Million by the end of the estimated period (2020-2027), expanding at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8%.
According to the International Diabetes Federation, Asia is home to 60% of the world's diabetes population. Diabetes is one of the leading causes of cardiovascular disease. The rising prevalence of cardiovascular illnesses is the primary driver of market growth in Asia Pacific. Aside from the rising prevalence of diabetes and obesity, changes in lifestyle, more public awareness, and quick technological advancements all contributed to the market's expansion. On the other hand, high cost for manufacturing the devices and a lot of barriers for the course of the new device are the main restraints hampering the market growth.
Abbott Laboratories, Becton, Dickinson and Company, Boston Scientific Corporation, Edwards Lifesciences Corporation, Medtronic PLC, and Terumo Corporation are some of the firms that are aiding in the expansion of the market for cardiovascular devices in the Asia-Pacific region.
Cardiology Market in Europe:
The Europe region market for Cardiology management devices, Aortic Repair devices, transcatheter embolization and occlusion devices will grow through 2026, driven by factors such as an ageing population, sedentary lifestyle and changes in food habits, advancements in the field of cardiology as well as an increase in the number of interventional cardiologists, and increasing demand for surgical occlusion devices.
The European Interventional Cardiology Market shrank by roughly 27% from 2019 as a result of COVID19, with a valuation of about €928 million in 2020. In 2022, the market size is anticipated to surpass pre-COVID19 levels, and in 2026, it will reach €1 billion.
In the year 2022, the total market size for cardiovascular devices in the European region was estimated to be worth USD 14.47 billion. It is further anticipated that this value would increase at a compound annual growth rate of 6.42 percent from 2022 to 2027, reaching a value of USD 19.75 billion by 2027.In the year 2022, the total market size for cardiovascular devices in the European region was estimated to be worth USD 14.47 billion. It is further anticipated that this value would increase at a CAGR of 6.42% from 2022 to 2027, reaching a value of USD 19.75 billion by 2027.
Geographically, North America has the highest market share in 2019 due to increased awareness of gut illnesses. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), approximately 610,000 Americans die of heart disease each year. Similarly, 735,000 Americans die of heart attacks each year. Thus, an increase in heart attacks in North America would increase the demand for cardiovascular drugs. However, Asia-Pacific region is predicted to showcase the fastest rate of growth within the future due to the rise in the aging population, increasing awareness and other factors.
The global market for cardiovascular devices is projected to increase from $48.10 billion in 2021 to $76.52 billion in 2028, representing a CAGR of 6.9% for the forecast period of 2021-2028.
Cardiology Market in Middle East:
Countries in the Middle East and Africa bear an important burden from Ischemic heart conditions. Consistent with Dubai Health Authority, heart condition is the cause for each 3 in 10 deaths within the UAE. Huge funding in R&D and various initiatives by the government is driving the expansion of the Ischemic heart condition market in the Middle East and Africa. The Middle-East and Africa Ischemic heart condition market is growing steadily. The market is growing at the CAGR of three .1% and expected to succeed in to US$ 2.84 billion by 2022.
In the forecasted period of 2022 to 2029, the Middle East interventional cardiology and peripheral vascular devices market is anticipated to develop. According to Data Bridge Market Research's analysis, the market is expanding with a CAGR of 5.3% from 2022 to 2029 and is anticipated to rise from USD 400.11 million in 2021 to USD 579.59 million by that time. Increased prevalence of ischemic heart disease, vascular disease, and coronary artery disease, as well as a rise in public awareness of the need for prompt diagnosis and usage of devices, are projected to be the main factors driving market demand throughout the forecast period.
In 2018, the market for cardiovascular devices in China was worth USD 2,837.51 million. By 2024, it is expected to be worth USD 4,468.02 million, with a CAGR of 7.86 percent over the next five years.
Future Cardiology reflects this new era of cardiology and highlights the new molecular approach to advancing cardiovascular therapy. Coverage also will reflect the main technological advances in bioengineering in cardiology in terms of advanced and robust devices, miniaturization, imaging, system modeling and knowledge management issues.
Cardiology Journals | Cardiology Open Access
Journal of the American College of Cardiology / JAMA Cardiology / Circulation / Nature Reviews Cardiology / JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging / JACC: Heart Failure / European Journal of Heart Failure / Circulation Research / European Heart Journal / JACC: Cardiovascular Interventions / Circulation: Heart Failure / Stroke / Circulation: Cardiovascular Interventions / JACC: Basic to Translational Science / European Heart Journal Cardiovascular Imaging / Cardiovascular Research / Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology / American Heart Journal / Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes / Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation / Circulation: Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology / Cardiovascular Diabetology / Circulation. Genomic and precision medicine / Heart Rhythm / Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography / Chest / Journal of the American Heart Association / Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance / Resuscitation / Circulation: Cardiovascular Imaging / Heart / JACC: Clinical Electrophysiology / Journal of Stroke / European Stroke Journal / Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases / Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism / Current Problems in Cardiology / Europace / Stroke and Vascular Neurology / Journal of Vascular Surgery / GeroScience / Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine / Clinical Research in Cardiology / European heart journal. Quality of care & clinical outcomes / European Journal of Preventive Cardiology / JACC: CardioOncology / EuroIntervention / European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy / Basic Research in Cardiology / American Journal of Physiology - Heart and Circulatory Physiology / European Heart Journal: Acute Cardiovascular Care / Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology / Interventional Neurology / Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine / Translational Stroke Research / Journal of Cardiac Failure / Atherosclerosis / Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery / Canadian Journal of Cardiology / European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery / Current Atherosclerosis Reports / Journal of Clinical Lipidology / Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis / Journal of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography / Journal of Endovascular Therapy / International Journal of Cardiology / Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis / European Journal of Cardio-thoracic Surgery / Heart Failure Reviews / Hypertension Research / American Journal of Cardiology / Journal of Hypertension / Current Opinion in Lipidology / Annals of Thoracic Surgery / Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions / Interventional Cardiology Review / Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology Review / Vascular Medicine / Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology / Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases / American Journal of Cardiovascular Drugs / Clinical Cardiology / Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis / European Cardiology Review / Circulation Journal / Current Cardiology Reports / Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology / Open Heart / Vascular Health and Risk Management / Journal of Clinical Hypertension / Cardiovascular Intervention and Therapeutics / Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy / Journal of Cardiology / Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention / Journal of Nuclear Cardiology / Cerebrovascular Diseases / Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases / Therapeutic Advances in Cardiovascular Disease / CPT: Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology / Korean Circulation Journal / European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing / Cardiovascular Pathology / Clinical Medicine Insights: Cardiology / IJC Heart and Vasculature / Global Heart / ESC heart failure / Cardiology and Therapy / Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research / Journal of Vascular Surgery: Venous and Lymphatic Disorders / Journal of Cardiovascular Translational Research / Netherlands Heart Journal / High Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Prevention / Neuroradiology / Heart Lung and Circulation / Cardiovascular Therapeutics / Current Treatment Options in Cardiovascular Medicine / Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology / Cerebrovascular Diseases Extra / CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology / Kidney and Blood Pressure Research / Journal of Geriatric Cardiology / Cardiovascular Endocrinology and Metabolism / Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases / International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging / Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology / JMIR Cardio / Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics / Journal of Interventional Cardiology / Microvascular Research / Cardiology Research / Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology / BMC Cardiovascular Disorders / Congenital Heart Disease / Current Vascular Pharmacology / Microcirculation / Lymphatic Research and Biology / Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy / Seminars in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery / Cardiovascular Diagnosis and Therapy / Cardiac Failure Review / Cardiovascular Ultrasound / Heart Failure Clinics / Current Opinion in Cardiology / Journal of the American Society of Hypertension / Angiology / Heart and Lung: Journal of Acute and Critical Care / Hellenic Journal of Cardiology / Integrated Blood Pressure Control / Interventional Neuroradiology / Current Heart Failure Reports / Cardiology in Review / Evidence and Policy / Clinical Medicine Insights: Circulatory, Respiratory and Pulmonary Medicine / Pediatric Cardiology / CardioRenal Medicine / Interventional Cardiology Clinics / CJC Open / Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine / PACE - Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology / Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia / Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery / Journal of Invasive Cardiology / Cardiology Journal / Heart Asia / Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging / Cardiovascular Toxicology / Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing / Current Cardiology Reviews / Heart and Vessels / Cardiology Clinics / Annals of Cardiothoracic Surgery / Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Annual / Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology / International Angiology / Cardiology / Interactive Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery / REC: Interventional Cardiology / Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation / Annals of Vascular Surgery / Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis / Phlebology / Innovations: Technology and Techniques in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery / Journal of Arrhythmia / Annals of Thoracic Medicine / Cardiovascular Revascularization Medicine / Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology / Journal of Innovations in Cardiac Rhythm Management / Acta Myologica / Vasa - European Journal of Vascular Medicine / Annals of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery / Perfusion (United Kingdom) / European Heart Journal, Supplement / Kardiologia Polska / Cardiology Research and Practice / International Heart Journal / Echocardiography / Indian Heart Journal / Vascular and Endovascular Surgery / Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeon / Cardiac Electrophysiology Clinics / Journal of Vascular Research / Seminars in Interventional Radiology / Journal of Electrocardiology / Cardiovascular and Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry / Revista Espanola de Cardiologia / General Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery / Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine / Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease / Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal / International Journal of Cardiology: Hypertension / Blood Pressure / Seminars in Vascular Surgery / Coronary Artery Disease / Acta Cardiologica Sinica / Acta Cardiologica / Journal of Cardiac Surgery / Vascular / Critical Pathways in Cardiology / Annals of Noninvasive / Electrocardiology / Atherosclerosis Plus / Herz / Anatolian journal of cardiology / Indian Pacing and Electrophysiology Journal / Blood Pressure Monitoring / Minerva Cardiology and Angiology / World Journal of Cardiology / Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery / World journal for pediatric & congenital heart surgery / Future Cardiology / Journal of Atrial Fibrillation / HeartRhythm Case Reports / Journal of Artificial Organs / Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia / Clinica e Investigacion en Arteriosclerosis / Cardiology in the Young / International Journal of Vascular Medicine / International Journal of Angiology / Journal of Extra-Corporeal Technology / Operative Techniques in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery / Texas Heart Institute Journal / Brazilian Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery / Egyptian Heart Journal / Cardiovascular and Hematological Disorders - Drug Targets / Cardiovascular Journal of Africa / Annals of Pediatric Cardiology / Seminars in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia / Vascular Specialist International / Archives of Clinical Infectious Diseases / JMV-Journal de Medecine Vasculaire / Postepy w Kardiologii Interwencyjnej / Annals of Cardiac Anaesthesia / European Heart Journal - Case Reports / Journal of Heart Valve Disease / Journal of Vascular Surgery Cases and Innovative Techniques / ARYA Atherosclerosis / Open Cardiovascular Medicine Journal / Computing in Cardiology / EJVES Vascular Forum / Artery Research / Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia / Jornal Vascular Brasileiro / Journal of Cardiology Cases / Phlebologie / Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases / Chinese Journal of Cardiology / Journal of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Research / Journal of Cardiovascular Echography / Turk Kardiyoloji Dernegi Arsivi / Heart Surgery Forum / Structural Heart / CVIR Endovascular / JACC: Case Reports / Turkish Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery / Journal of the Saudi Heart Association / Asian Cardiovascular and Thoracic Annals / Kardiochirurgia i Torakochirurgia Polska / Korean Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery / Heart International / Flebologiya / Electrolyte and Blood Pressure / Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention (Russian Federation) / Giornale Italiano di Cardiologia / Kardiologe / US Cardiology Review / Vascular Disease Management / Kardiologiya / Annales de Cardiologie et d'Angeiologie / Russian Journal of Cardiology / Gefasschirurgie / Herzschrittmachertherapie und Elektrophysiologie / Progress in Pediatric Cardiology / Arterial Hypertension / Journal of Tehran University Heart Center / Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeon, Supplement / Hipertension y Riesgo Vascular / Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology / Cor et Vasa / Patologiya Krovoobrashcheniya i Kardiokhirurgiya / International Cardiovascular Research Journal / Acta Phlebologica / Arterial Hypertension (Russian Federation) / Cirugia Cardiovascular / Kardiologiya i Serdechno-Sosudistaya Khirurgiya / Indian Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery / Cardiology Letters / Italian Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery / AORTA / Vnitrni Lekarstvi / REC: CardioClinics / Revista Argentina de Cardiologia / Atherosclerosis: X / Archivos de Cardiologia de Mexico / Angiologia / Iranian Heart Journal / Revista Espanola de Cardiologia Suplementos / Insuficiencia Cardiaca / Revista Mexicana de Angiologia / Acta Angiologica / Revista de la Federacion Argentina de Cardiologia / Revista Colombiana de Cardiologia / Revista Latinoamericana de Hipertension / Journal for Vascular Ultrasound / Medecine des Maladies Metaboliques / British Journal of Cardiology / Clinical Lipidology and Metabolic Disorders / Revista Mexicana de Cardiologia / Pakistan Heart Journal / Shanghai Chest / Zeitschrift fur Herz-, Thorax- und Gefasschirurgie / Open Hypertension Journal / Vasomed / Kardiologija v Belarusi / Zeitschrift fur Gefassmedizin / Chinese Journal of Cerebrovascular Diseases / Journal of the Hong Kong College of Cardiology / Heart and Metabolism / Intervencni a Akutni Kardiologie / Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases Supplements / European Journal of Lymphology and Related Problems / Lymphologie in Forschung und Praxis / Revista Cubana de Cardiologia y Cirugia Cardiovascular / Turkiye Klinikleri Cardiovascular Sciences / Dialogues in Cardiovascular Medicine / Kardiotechnik / Perfusion (Germany) / Archives des Maladies du Coeur et des Vaisseaux – Pratique / Journal of Rare Cardiovascular Diseases / Kardiologicka Revue / Cardiovascular Medicine(Switzerland) / Clinical Hypertension
Heart Disease Organizations Worldwide | Cardiology Associtations
Abiomed / Alliance for Heart Failure / American Academy of Cardiovascular Perfusion / American College of Cardiology / American Heart Association / American Society of Nuclear Cardiology / Association for Inherited Cardiac Conditions / Atrial Fibrillation Association / Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute / Blood Pressure Association / British Cardiovascular Society / British Heart Foundation / Canadian Cardiovascular Society / Cardiac Risk in the Young / Cardiovascular Cell Therapy Research Network / Cardiovascular System Dynamics Society / Children's Cardiomyopathy Foundation / Congenital Heart Surgeons' Society / Corindus Vascular Robotics / Deutsche Gesellschaft für Kardiologie / European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery / European Society of Cardiology / GISSI / Heart and Diabetes Center North Rhine-Westphalia / Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada / Heart Failure Society of America / Heart Institute, University of São Paulo / Heart Research Institute / Heart Research UK / Heart Rhythm Society / Heart Support of America / Indian Heart Association / Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences / Interamerican Society of Cardiology / International Society for Heart Research / Krishna Heart Institute / Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta / Lourdes Heart Institute / Mended Hearts / Montreal Heart Institute / Montreal Heart Institute Foundation / Mount Sinai Medical Center (Miami) / Multan Institute of Cardiology / National Heart Forum / National Heart Foundation (Bangladesh) / National Heart Foundation of Australia / National Heart Foundation of New Zealand / National Heart Institute (Malaysia) / Philippine Heart Center / Pulmonary Hypertension Association / Punjab Institute of Cardiology / Rabindranath Tagore International Institute of Cardiac Sciences / Resuscitation Council UK / Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance / Sri Jayadeva Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Research / Surgeons of Hope / Tanzania Heart Institute / The Texas Heart Institute / Tiny Tickers / Uganda Heart Institute / United OneHeart Foundation / University of Ottawa Heart Institute / Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute / West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre
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Aims: Cancer-induced cachexia affects up to 80% of patients with cancer. Patients with cancer-induced cachexia may experience cardiac wasting through inter-tissue and inter-organ crosstalk. This review aims to identify evidence of cancer-induced cardiac cachexia in human and non-human models by examining the contribution of biomarkers and other factors leading to the development and progression of cardiac cachexia. Methods: A systematic review included publications from 2011 to 2021 with eligibility criteria of randomized controlled trials, retrospective, prospective, descriptive animal, cadaver, and human studies. Fifteen animal and four human studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in this review. Results: Four common biomarkers were identified in animal studies with upregulated gene expression, namely Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-?), Atrogin-1, Muscle RING-finger protein-1 (MuRF1), and Interleukin-6 (IL-6). The upregulation of Atrogin-1, noted in 5 out of 15 studies, facilitated cardiac atrophy, cardiac wasting, and remodeling by ubiquitinating proteins in the heart, marking them for degradation. The upregulation of IL-6, TNF-?, and MuRF1 caused cardiac muscle breakdown and led to decreased intraventricular septal wall thickness, decreased ejection fraction, heart rhythm disturbances, heart failure, and death. Atrophied hearts showed decreased myocyte size, decreased sarcomeric proteins, and an increase in the b-myosin heavy chain, which is indicative of muscle atrophy. In one human study, 103 subjects with newly diagnosed stages of II-IV malignancies were classified as either non-cachectic, pre-cachectic, or cachectic. Non-cachectic cancer patients showed the least number of cardiovascular symptoms. Those with pre-cachexia and cachexia had the most cardiac findings, such as high-grade premature ventricular contractions (PVCs), hypertension, and either new or progressive chest pain. Cardiac wasting (measured by heart weight and ventricular wall thickness) was examined in 219 deceased patients using retrospective analysis. Of these, 177 were diagnosed with cancer, and 42 patients had non-cancer non-cardiovascular diagnoses. The diagnoses for the 177 cancer patients included 58 lung cancer, 60 pancreatic, and 59 non-pancreatic gastrointestinal cancers. Of those, 54 (30.5%) showed cancer-associated cachexia and had a significantly lower heart weight compared to non-cachectic patients (p <0.001) and patients with non-cancer and non-cardiovascular diagnoses (p <0.05). Conclusion: The cardiac effects associated with cachexia-induced biomarkers showed reduced heart weight, function, and overall quality of life. Despite the extensive search, we found only a limited number of high-quality studies. Further studies are needed to determine if targeted treatments can effectively block the upregulation of various genes and cytokines that initiate and facilitate cancer-induced cardiac cachexia.
The incidence of sports-related sudden cardiac death is fourfold higher in persons over age 65 compared to the frequency of such events in the general population, as reported by Holmstrom, et al.1,2. Low-dose aspirin use may be appropriate to provide enhanced primary prevention of such fatalities as has been recommended to attenuate the transiently elevated race-related risk for cardiac arrest in marathon runners,3,4. Low-dose aspirin use has been demonstrated to significantly reduce first heart attacks in healthy middle-aged men and major acute cardiac events in those at intermediate cardiovascular risk in randomized controlled primary prevention trials, although such a ‘gold standard’ study specifically in runners lacks feasibility due to the low frequency of index events5,6. As coronary atherosclerosis is the likely cause of exertional cardiac arrests in elderly persons, coronary artery calcium CT scanning for enhanced risk stratification has been advised, the results of which are reliably predictive of major acute cardiac events including sudden death7,8. The anticipated benefit of aspirin related to such scoring is shown in Table 1, with use advised at or above 100 Agatston units, which independently identifies a 10-year risk of 7.5% according to conventional risk calculators. The pharmacotherapeutic properties of aspirin attenuate the role of inflammation as the proximate trigger for acute cardiac event, which approach is analogous to recommending lipid-lowering therapy for older persons with persistent elevations in LDL-C9. In the absence of contraindications, low-dose aspirin use is poised to mitigate the transiently elevated risk for sudden cardiac death during sports in older persons with subclinical coronary atherosclerosis. Just because the incidence of exertional cardiac arrest is low does not mean that it cannot be lower.
Elevated sympathetic activity and chronic inflammation contribute to hypertension in both animals and patients. In previous studies, we have observed that sympathoinhibitory electroacupuncture (SI-EA) at acupoints S36-37 alleviates sympathetic activity and hypertension. Additionally, EA at acupoints SP6-7 exerts anti-inflammatory (AI-EA) effects. However, it is unknown whether simultaneous stimulation of this combination of acupoints attenuates or enhances individual effects. Using a 2x2 factorial design, we hypothesized that combining SI-EA and AI-EA (cEA) leads to a greater reduction of hypertension by decreasing sympathetic activity and inflammation in hypertensive rats than either set of acupoints alone. Dahl salt-sensitive hypertensive (DSSH) rats were treated with four EA regimens including cEA, SI-EA, AI-EA, and sham-EA twice weekly for five weeks. A group of normotensive (NTN) rats served as control. Systolic and diastolic BP (SBP and DBP) and heart rate (HR) were measured non-invasively by tail-cuff. Plasma concentrations of norepinephrine (NE), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were determined with ELISA at the completion of treatments. DSSH rats on high salt diet progressively developed moderate hypertension in five weeks. DSSH rats treated with sham-EA showed continuous increases in SBP and DBP and elevations in plasma NE, hs-CRP, and IL-6 levels relative to NTN control. Both SI-EA and cEA decreased SBP and DBP, and NE, hs-CRP, and IL-6 concentrations compared with sham-EA. AI-EA prevented SBP and DBP elevation and decreased IL-6 and hs-CRP relative to sham-EA. Importantly in rats treated with cEA, SI-EA interacted positively with AI-EA leading to greater reduction of SBP, DBP, NE, hs-CRP, and IL-6 than SI-EA or AI-EA. Additionally, this presentation provides insights into the neural mechanisms underlying acupuncture’s impact on hypertension.